Digital ist besser. Die Monumenta Germaniae Historica mit den dMGH auf dem Weg in die Zukunft - eine Momentaufnahme

[Klappentext:] Die Editionsreihe der Monumenta Germaniae Historica gehört zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich der Geschichtsforschung überhaupt. Den Herausforderungen des Medienwandels hat man sich schon früh durch die eMGH (elektronischen MGH) gestellt. Mit den dMGH (digitalen MGH) wird dieser Weg nun in veränderter Richtung fortgesetzt. Ein solches Projekt steht nicht nur auf Grund seiner inhaltlichen Bedeutung als maßgebliche Quellensammlung, sondern insbesondere auch wegen der traditionellen methodischen Vorbildfunktion der MGH im Mittelpunkt des Forschungsinteresses. Die vorliegende Schrift trägt durch die kritische Diskussion des Erreichten wie auch des zu Verbessernden zu der notwendigen Begleitung durch die interessierte Fachöffentlichkeit bei. Es zeigt sich dabei, dass der einmal eingeschlagene Pfad der Digitalisierung immer neue und immer weitere Möglichkeiten der Erschließung und Präsentation eröffnet. Der Übergang in eine digitale Forschungsumgebung entfaltet damit eine Eigendynamik, die ein grundsätzliches Nachdenken über geeignete Konzepte für die Zukunft der Aufbereitung und Bereitstellung historischer Quellen erfordert

Predator diversity and abundance provide little support for the enemies hypothesis in forests of high tree diversity

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A Novel Optical Beam Concept for Producing Coherent Synchrotron Radiation with Large Energy Spread Beams

Up to now two FEL concepts are known in conventional accelerators: 1.) In THz lasers an off-crest cavity adds a chirp to the bunch followed by a bunch compressor. Particles with different energies travel on different trajectories to the radiator. 2.) For EUV and X-ray FELs the beam enters an undulator which produces microbunches which then radiate. In this paper it is proposed to copy the THz laser scheme for EUV lasers. The incoming beam is chirped and a dogleg forces afterwards the particles with different energies to move on different parallel trajectories. Considering a detector plane perpendicular to the trajectories the particles with different energies arrive in general at different times. When in this plane for instance a TGU (Transverse Gradient Undulator) is positioned the emitted radiation in the TGU is monochromatic. If in addition chirp and dogleg are selected in such a way that the particles with different energies arrive at the same time at the entrance of the TGU the radiation is monochromatic and coherent similar to the THz laser concept

Estado nutricional de idosos atendidos na Atenção Primária à Saúde do município de Candelária/RS

Objetivo: descrever o perfil nutricional de idosos atendidos na Atenção Primária à Saúde do município de Candelária/RS. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo, de natureza descritiva com delineamento transversal e abordagem quantitativa, constituída por uma amostra aleatória de 247 idosos com idade superior a 60 anos, de ambos os gêneros, residentes em Candelária, no Rio Grande do Sul que buscaram tratamento e cuidado de saúde nos serviços de saúde do município. As seguintes variáveis foram analisadas: idade, gênero, escolaridade, peso, estatura, índice de massa corporal, comorbidades e estado nutricional, sendo este último analisado com base no índice de massa corporal (IMC) calculado com base na divisão do peso corporal em quilogramas pela estatura em metro elevada ao quadrado (kg/m2). Resultados: A amostra foi constituída por 59,9% (n=148) idosos do sexo feminino e 40,1% (n=99) do sexo masculino, com a média da idade de 75,25±6,426. Em relação ao estado nutricional, verificou-se uma prevalência significativa do sexo feminino com pré-obesidade e obesidade na faixa etária de 60 a 79 anos e no sexo masculino com idade maior ou igual a 80 anos. Verificou-se forte associação entre o estado nutricional determinado pelo IMC à HAS e a baixa escolaridade. Considerações finais: os dados relativos ao IMC revelaram altos percentuais de excesso de peso, o que suscita a necessidade de outros métodos complementares de avaliação para identificação mais precisa dos fatores de risco e dos agravantes que se associam as patologias encontradas

Proposed Beam Test of a Transverse Gradient Undulator at the SINBAD Facility at DESY

While Laser Plasma Accelerators produce beams with the high output energy required for FELs, up to now the relatively high energy spread has prohibited FEL lasing. Therefore it was proposed to replace the normal FEL undulators by Transverse Gradient Undulators (TGUs). For a first, small scale test of the TGU concept, a 40 period prototype high gradient superconductive TGU was built at KIT and will be tested with beam at the ARES-linac in the new accelerator test facility SINBAD (Short Innovative Bunches and Accelerators at Desy) at DESY. The proposed tests are summarized in this paper

Predator Diversity and Abundance Provide Little Support for the Enemies Hypothesis in Forests of High Tree Diversity

Predatory arthropods can exert strong top-down control on ecosystem functions. However, despite extensive theory and experimental manipulations of predator diversity, our knowledge about relationships between plant and predator diversity - and thus information on the relevance of experimental findings - for species-rich, natural ecosystems is limited. We studied activity abundance and species richness of epigeic spiders in a highly diverse forest ecosystem in subtropical China across 27 forest stands which formed a gradient in tree diversity of 25-69 species per plot. The enemies hypothesis predicts higher predator abundance and diversity, and concomitantly more effective top-down control of food webs, with increasing plant diversity. However, in our study, activity abundance and observed species richness of spiders decreased with increasing tree species richness. There was only a weak, non-significant relationship with tree richness when spider richness was rarefied, i.e. corrected for different total abundances of spiders. Only foraging guild richness (i.e. the diversity of hunting modes) of spiders was positively related to tree species richness. Plant species richness in the herb layer had no significant effects on spiders. Our results thus provide little support for the enemies hypothesis - derived from studies in less diverse ecosystems - of a positive relationship between predator and plant diversity. Our findings for an important group of generalist predators question whether stronger top-down control of food webs can be expected in the more plant diverse stands of our forest ecosystem. Biotic interactions could play important roles in mediating the observed relationships between spider and plant diversity, but further testing is required for a more detailed mechanistic understanding. Our findings have implications for evaluating the way in which theoretical predictions and experimental findings of functional predator effects apply to species-rich forest ecosystems, in which trophic interactions are often considered to be of crucial importance for the maintenance of high plant diversity

Tree phylogenetic diversity structures multitrophic communities

1. Plant diversity begets diversity at other trophic levels. While species richness is the most commonly used measure for plant diversity, the number of evolutionary lineages (i.e. phylogenetic diversity) could theoretically have a stronger influence on the community structure of co-occurring organisms. However, this prediction has only rarely been tested in complex real-world ecosystems. 2. Using a comprehensive multitrophic dataset of arthropods and fungi from a species-rich subtropical forest, we tested whether tree species richness or tree phylogenetic diversity relates to the diversity and composition of organisms. 3. We show that tree phylogenetic diversity but not tree species richness determines arthropod and fungi community composition across trophic levels and increases the diversity of predatory arthropods but decreases herbivorous arthropod diver- sity. The effect of tree phylogenetic diversity was not mediated by changed abun- dances of associated organisms, indicating that evolutionarily more diverse plant communities increase niche opportunities (resource diversity) but not necessarily niche amplitudes (resource amount). 4. Our findings suggest that plant evolutionary relatedness structures multitrophic communities in the studied species-rich forests and possibly other ecosystems at large. As global change non-randomly threatens phylogenetically distinct plant species, far-reaching consequences on associated communities are expected

Investigations on NbTi superconducting racetrack coils under pulsed-current excitations

One of the key issues in the technology of superconductors is the protection against quenches. When designing a superconductor as a magnet, a coil or even current leads, the design should be made such that the superconductor withstands all operational conditions as fast discharges, pulsed loads or even rapid transient background fields. Computational modeling of pulsed-current characterization in a self-field NbTi racetrack sample coil has been performed using the finite element modelling software Opera as a step towards understanding the thermal and electromagnetic processes during a quench. The pulse was modelled to be generated by discharging a capacitor into an RLC circuit, which includes the NbTi racetrack coil as the sample under test. The coil was driven to the resistive state and the quench occurred by applying the pulse with a peak value exceeding the critical current of the sample coil. This contribution presents the results obtained from investigating a pulsed NbTi coil in a model based on an electromagnetic analysis. In addition, a comparison to the theoretical expectations derived for the damped oscillations in the pulse-driving circuit is given. Finally, the results from a coupled analysis, where both thermal and electromagnetic properties are being considered, within a quench multi-physics study are presented

Designing forest biodiversity experiments : general considerations illustrated by a new large experiment in subtropical China

Funded by German Research Foundation. Grant Number: DFG FOR 891/1 and 2 National Natural Science Foundation of China. Grant Numbers: NSFC 30710103907, 30930005, 31170457 , 31210103910 Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) Sino-German Centre for Research Promotion in BeijingPeer reviewedPublisher PD